James M. Barber
Hunt & Barber
Frank T. Litton, Jr.
Litton & Litton
Charleston, West Virginia
Attorneys for the Plaintiffs
Mary H. Sanders
James Stebbins
Huddleston, Bolen, Beatty, Porter & Copen
Charleston, West Virginia
Attorneys for Federal Kemper Insurance Company
CHIEF JUSTICE McHUGH delivered the Opinion of the Court.
JUSTICE BROTHERTON AND JUSTICE RECHT did not participate.
JUDGE FOX and RETIRED JUSTICE MILLER sitting by temporary
assignment.
1. "'Where the provisions of an insurance policy
contract are clear and unambiguous they are not subject to judicial
construction or interpretation, but full effect will be given to
the plain meaning intended.' Syllabus, Keffer v. Prudential Ins.
Co., 153 W. Va. 813, 172 S.E.2d 714 (1970)." Syl. pt. 1, Russell
v. State Auto. Mut. Ins. Co., 188 W. Va. 81, 422 S.E.2d 803 (1992).
2. "'Language in an insurance policy should be given its
plain, ordinary meaning.' Syl. Pt. 1, Soliva v. Shand, Morahan &
Co., 176 W. Va. 430, 345 S.E.2d 33 (1986)." Syl. pt. 2, Russell v.
State Auto. Mut. Ins. Co., 188 W. Va. 81, 422 S.E.2d 803 (1992).
3. "'Insurers may incorporate such terms, conditions and
exclusions in an automobile insurance policy as may be consistent
with the premium charged, so long as any such exclusions do not
conflict with the spirit and intent of the uninsured and
underinsured motorists statutes.' Syl. Pt. 3, Deel v. Sweeney, 181
W. Va. 460, 383 S.E.2d 92 (1989)." Syl. pt. 4, Russell v. State
Auto. Mut. Ins. Co., 188 W. Va. 81, 422 S.E.2d 803 (1992).
4. Anti-stacking language in an automobile insurance
policy is valid and enforceable as to uninsured and underinsured
motorist coverage where the insured purchases a single insurance
policy to cover two or more vehicles and receives a multi-car
discount on the total policy premium. If no multi-car discount for
uninsured or underinsured motorist coverage is apparent on the
declarations page of the policy, the parties must either agree or the court must find that such a discount was given. In such event,
the insured is not entitled to stack the coverages of the multiple
vehicles and may only recover up to the policy limits set forth in
the single policy endorsement.
By settlement agreement dated June 23, 1993, Federal
Kemper paid to the Millers the sum of $25,000 in uninsured motorist
benefits, pursuant to the terms of the policy which provided for
uninsured motorist bodily injury coverage in the amount of $25,000
per person/$50,000 per accident. Left in dispute then was the
issue of whether the Millers are entitled to stack uninsured motorists coverage in order to claim an additional $25,000 of
uninsured coverage under the policy.
The Millers instituted a declaratory judgment actionSee footnote 3 in
the Circuit Court of Ritchie County seeking a determination of the
amount of uninsured motorist coverage available to them from
Federal Kemper. By order dated May 2, 1994, the circuit court
concluded that
the 'anti-stacking' language in the instant
automobile insurance policy is void as to
uninsured coverage under West Virginia Code
33-6-31See footnote 4 as said policy contains no multi-car discount with respect to uninsured motorists
coverage in spite of the fact that said policy
contains a multi-car discount with regard to
other coverages thereunder and therefore, the
Court concludes that the uninsured motorists
coverage can be stacked. It is therefore
ORDERED that there is an additional $25,000.00
of uninsured motorists coverage available to
the plaintiffs under the terms of Federal
Kemper's policy with the [Millers].
(footnote added).
The following question was subsequently certified to this
Court:
Is the anti-stacking language in a policy
of automobile insurance, which insures two
cars, valid and enforceable with respect to
uninsured motorist coverage when there is no
multi-car discount indicated by the
declarations page but a comparison of the
total premiums charged for separate policies
shows that a discount is given for multiple
cars on one policy though such discount is not
specifically shown in connection with
uninsured motorist coverage?
The circuit court answered this question in the negative. For the
reasons discussed herein, we disagree with the circuit court's
resolution of the certified question and find the anti-stacking
language to be valid and enforceable.
Syl. pt. 3, Russell, supra. (emphasis added). However, in Youler,
there existed two policies and there was no issue raised "regarding
the premiums paid for the two policies as compared with the premium
costs if only one policy had been issued." Russell, 188 W. Va. at
84, 422 S.E.2d at 806 (citing Youler, 183 W. Va. at 559 n. 2, 396
S.E.2d at 740 n. 2). Moreover, as plainly stated in syllabus point
three above, anti-stacking language is ineffective where an
"insured [is] covered simultaneously by two or more uninsured or
underinsured motorist policy endorsements[.]" Syl. pt. 3, in part,
Youler, supra (emphasis added). See Russell, 188 W. Va. at 84, 422
S.E.2d at 806. Therefore, as we concluded in Russell, our holding
in Youler "does not govern the instant situation where only one
policy is involved." Russell, 188 W. Va. at 84, 422 S.E.2d at 806.
Furthermore, we held in syllabus point 4 of Russell,
supra, that "'[i]nsurers may incorporate such terms, conditions and
exclusions in an automobile insurance policy as may be consistent
with the premium charged, so long as any such exclusions do not
conflict with the spirit and intent of the uninsured and
underinsured motorists statutes.' Syl. Pt. 3, Deel v. Sweeney, 181
W. Va. 460, 383 S.E.2d 92 (1989)." See syl. pt. 1, Thomas v.
Nationwide Mut. Ins. Co., 188 W. Va. 640, 425 S.E.2d 595 (1992). As previously indicated, the anti-stacking language does not
compromise the spirit and intent of the uninsured motorist statute,
W. Va. Code, 33-6-31(b) [1988]. As we held in syllabus point 5 of
Russell, supra:
West Virginia Code § 33-6-31 (1992) does not
forbid the inclusion and application of an
anti-stacking provision in an automobile
insurance policy where a single insurance
policy is issued by a single insurer and
contains an underinsured endorsement even
though the policy covers two or more vehicles.
Under the terms of such a policy, the insured
is not entitled to stack the coverages of the
multiple vehicles and may only recover up to
the policy limits set forth in the single
policy endorsement.
Though a multi-car discount is not apparent on the
declarations page in this case, the Millers do not dispute that
they received such a discount. Similarly, the insured in Russell
received a multi-car discount in return for taking out one policy
instead of two. Russell, 188 W. Va. at 85, 422 S.E.2d at 807. In
the present case, however, the Millers maintain that, because they
received no discount specifically for uninsured motorist coverage,
the anti-stacking provision is ineffective as to that coverage. We
disagree.
Having contracted for only one policy of insurance, the
Millers likewise bargained for only one uninsured motorist coverage
endorsement. Id. In return, Federal Kemper "assum[ed] an
increased risk of injury which could occur while [the Millers were]
occupying the second vehicle as consideration for the second
premium. [The Millers were] therefore receiving the benefit of
that which [they] bargained for and should not receive more." Id. See Allstate Insurance Co. v. Ashley, 833 F.Supp. 583 (S.D. W. Va.
1993), aff'd 37 F.3d 1492 (4th Cir. 1994).
We conclude, therefore, that anti-stacking language in an
automobile insurance policy is valid and enforceable as to
uninsured and underinsured motorist coverage where the insured
purchases a single insurance policy to cover two or more vehicles
and receives a multi-car discount on the total policy premium. If
no multi-car discount for uninsured or underinsured motorist
coverage is apparent on the declarations page of the policy, the
parties must either agree or the court must find that such a
discount was given. In such event, the insured is not entitled to
stack the coverages of the multiple vehicles and may only recover
up to the policy limits set forth in the single policy endorsement.
Thus, the certified question is answered in the affirmative.
Having answered the certified question, we dismiss this
case from the docket of this Court and remand the case to the
Circuit Court of Ritchie County for further proceedings consistent
with this opinion.
(b) Nor shall any such policy or
contract be so issued or delivered unless it
shall contain an endorsement or provisions
undertaking to pay the insured all sums which
he shall be legally entitled to recover as
damages from the owner or operator of an
uninsured motor vehicle, within limits which
shall be no less than the requirements of
section two, article four, chapter seventeen-
d of the code of West Virginia, as amended
from time to time[.]
W. Va. Code, 17D-4-2 [1979] states, in relevant
part:
The term 'proof of financial
responsibility' as used in this chapter shall
mean: Proof of ability to respond in damages
for liability, on account of accident
occurring subsequent to the effective date of
said proof, arising out of the ownership,
operation, maintenance or use of a motor
vehicle. . . in the amount of twenty thousand
dollars because of bodily injury to or death
of one person in any one accident, and,
subject to said limit for one person, in the
amount of forty thousand dollars because of
bodily injury to or death of two or more
persons in any one accident, and in the
amount of ten thousand dollars because of
injury to or destruction of property of
others in any one accident.
such policy or contract . . . provide[s] an
option to the insured with appropriately
adjusted premiums to pay the insured all sums
which he shall be legally entitled to recover
as damages from the owner or operator of an
uninsured or underinsured motor vehicle up to
an amount not less than limits of bodily
injury liability insurance and property
damage liability insurance purchased by the
insured without setoff against the insured's
policy or any other policy.
See Russell, 188 W. Va. at 83, 422 S.E.2d at 805.