Gordon E. Billheimer
Montgomery, West Virginia
Attorney for the Appellants
Dawn E. Warfield
Deputy Attorney General
Charleston, West Virginia
Attorney for the State
The Opinion of the Court was delivered PER CURIAM.
JUSTICE BROTHERTON did not participate.
JUDGE FOX sitting by temporary assignment.
Per Curiam:
This is an appeal by Joseph M. (hereinafter "the Appellant")See footnote 1
and his parents, Virgil and Anna M., from an April 29, 1994, order
of the Circuit Court of Nicholas County directing that the
Appellant, age sixteen at the time of the alleged misconduct, be
tried as an adult for malicious wounding of a police officer. The
Appellant contends that the lower court erred by transferring the
action to adult jurisdiction and requests this Court to order the
dismissal of the State action. We find that the evidence was
sufficient to support the decision of the lower court, and we
affirm the transfer of this matter to adult status.
I.
On October 30, 1993, the Appellant was a passenger in a
vehicle operated by his brother, nineteen-year-old Daniel M. As
the brothers returned from a friend's home at which they had consumed alcoholic beverages, Daniel M. lost control of the vehicle
and hit a tree. The incident was reported to the police by a local
resident, and Officer Rodney Truman of the Summersville Police
Department arrived to investigate the accident. As Officer Truman
exited his vehicle, Daniel M. began to flee the scene on foot, and
the Appellant followed his brother over an embankment.See footnote 2 Officer
Truman pursued the brothers, and an altercation occurred when
Officer Truman apprehended them. Officer Truman testified that
both brothers hit and kicked him. He received a cut on the head
during this altercation, but he was unable to determine which
individual struck him. The knife wound in the back of Officer
Truman's head cut him from ear to ear and required twenty-seven
staples. Officer Leslie Bailey and Officer Paul O'Dell arrived at
the scene during the altercation and subdued the brothers.
Daniel M. was later indicted for malicious wounding, and the
Appellant was remanded to the Southern Juvenile Detention Center
for thirty days.See footnote 3 At a hearing held before the lower court on
December 3, 1993, the State requested that the Appellant be transferred to adult status.See footnote 4 Subsequent to two continuances, both
requested by the Appellant, the lower court determined during an
April 11, 1994, hearing, that a transfer to adult status was
appropriate.
II.
The Appellant contends that the State failed to prove that
there are no reasonable prospects for rehabilitation of the
Appellant, required by West Virginia Code § 49-5-10 (1992)See footnote 5 as a prerequisite to transfer, and that the lower court erred in
transferring the matter to adult status.See footnote 6
In syllabus point 2 of State v. Sonja B., 183 W. Va. 380, 423
S.E.2d 632 (1992), we explained the following:
"'Before transfer of a juvenile to criminal court,
a juvenile court judge must make a careful, detailed
analysis into the child's mental and physical condition,
maturity, emotional attitude, home or family environment,
school experience and other similar personal factors.'
W.Va.Code, 49-5-10(d)." Syl. Pt. 4, State v. C.J.S., 164
W. Va. 473, 263 S.E.2d 899 (1980), overruled in part on
other grounds [sub nom.] State v. Petry, 166 W. Va. 153,
273 S.E.2d 346 (1980) and State ex rel. Cook v. Helms,
[170] W. Va. [200], 292 S.E.2d 610 (1981).
We have also indicated that, as part of this statutory
analysis, an evaluation of the prospects for rehabilitation must be
undertaken. State v. Michael S., 188 W. Va. 229, 423 S.E.2d 632
(1992). However, we explained in Michael S. that it is not enough
for the child "to show that the State has not sufficiently examined
his rehabilitation potential and options in the juvenile system.
The [child] . . . should affirmatively show that he has
rehabilitation potential and options within the juvenile system."
188 W. Va. at 232 n.5, 423 S.E.2d at 635 n.5. In Michael S., the
record contained no evidence of the juvenile's home or family
environment and scant evidence of rehabilitative potential; thus,
the case was remanded for development of the issue of
rehabilitative potential. 188 W. Va. at 232, 423 S.E.2d at 635.
In the present matter, however, the lower court thoroughly
evaluated the factors enumerated in West Virginia Code § 49-5-10,
including an analysis of the Appellant's potential for
rehabilitation. In addition to testimony received from the police
officers who were present at the scene of the altercation, Nicholas
County Deputy Sheriff T. R. Painter also testified that he had been
called to the home of the Appellant's parents in November 1993 on
a domestic violence complaint. Both parents had been intoxicated
upon his arrival, the father was drinking whiskey in the officer's
presence, and the mother passed out as the officer escorted her to the home of her older son. Deputy Painter also explained that the
father was under investigation and that he had a history of
alcohol-related offenses.
Ralph S. Smith, Jr., M.D., a specialist in child psychiatry,
testified that he had examined the Appellant on April 8, 1994, and
that the Appellant had expressed neither remorse for his actions
nor empathy toward the injured police officer. Dr. Smith also
explained that the Appellant's blood alcohol level of .25 on the
night of the incident suggested that he had developed tolerance for
alcohol.
The lower court questioned Dr. Smith concerning the potential
for rehabilitation, specifically asking whether the Appellant could
be treated and rehabilitated. Dr. Smith responded by explaining
that the alcohol problem was a treatable condition for which the
Appellant could receive counseling and referral to self-help
groups. Due to the necessary parent intervention in such alcohol
treatment, however, Dr. Smith concluded that the difficulties at
home would require family counselling.
In its conclusion, the lower court stated as follows:
Now, the most difficult finding of fact that I had
to make dealt with rehabilitation potential.
The Court would find as a matter of fact that in
order for a juvenile to be rehabilitated, he must first admit that there is a problem and, secondly, be
susceptible to treatment for that problem.
The Court finds, based on the evidence presented by
the infant Respondent, he does not have responsibility
for the actions that occurred or the injury that occurred
to Patrolman Truman; and that he has not displayed to
this Court that he has taken responsibility for any
actions that may have occurred where they amount to
malicious assault, unlawful wounding, assault and
battery, or whatever they would amount to. He has taken
responsibility for none of those actions.
Having reviewed the evidence on rehabilitation received by the
lower court, we conclude that the lower court sufficiently
considered all necessary and relevant factors in making the
determination to transfer this case to adult status, including the
issue of potential rehabilitation. We therefore affirm the
decision of the lower court.
Affirmed.
When a court finds that there is probable cause to
believe that a juvenile has committed one of the crimes
specified in W. Va. Code, 49-5-10(d)(1) (treason, murder,
robbery involving the use of weapons, kidnapping, first-
degree arson, and first-degree sexual assault), the court
may transfer the juvenile to the court's criminal
jurisdiction without further inquiry.
The charge against the Appellant in the present case is not one where the above exceptions apply; therefore, the considerations enunciated in W. Va. Code § 49-5-10(d) must be analyzed.