Bernard A. Greer, Esq.
Forrest H. Roles, Esq.
Beckley, West Virginia
Mark A. Carter, Esq.
Attorney for Emmitt S. Pugh, III Denise Lynn Avampato, Esq.
Dinsmore & Shohl
Mark Matkovich, Esq.
Charleston, West Virginia
Law Office of the City Attorney Attorneys for The Policemen's
Beckley, West Virginia
Civil Service Commission, Doug
Attorney for the City of Beckley Epling, John White and James A.
Davis
Benny G. Jones, Esq.
Beckley, West Virginia
Attorney for Sgt. W. C. Bowden
The Opinion of the Court was delivered PER CURIAM.
JUSTICE DAVIS concurs and reserves the right to file a concurring opinion.
JUSTICE McGRAW concurs in part and dissents in part, and reserves the right to file a separate opinion.
1. “The standard of appellate review of a circuit court's order granting relief through the extraordinary writ of prohibition is de novo. ” Syllabus Point 1, Martin v. West Virginia Division of Labor Contractor Licensing Board, 199 W.Va. 613, 486 S.E.2d 782 (1997) .
2. “For
a writ of prohibition to issue preventing a quasi-judicial administrative tribunal
from taking up a particular matter on the asserted basis of lack of jurisdiction,
the petitioner must demonstrate that there is a clear limitation on the tribunal's
jurisdiction, and that there are no disputed issues of fact such that the jurisdictional
question may be decided purely as a matter of law. In other words, the prohibition
remedy is available only where an administrative tribunal patently and unquestionably
lacks jurisdiction over the matter pending before it.” Syllabus, Health
Management, Inc. v. Lindell, 207 W.Va. 68, 528
S.E.2d 762 (1999).
3. “An underlying
purpose of the police civil service statute . . . is to give security to members
of paid police departments of municipalities having a population of five thousand
or more against
the vicissitudes of municipal elections.” Syllabus Point 4, in part, Dougherty
v. City of Parkersburg, 138 W.Va. 1, 76 S.E.2d 594 (1952) .
4. “A police civil service commission created by Article 5A of Chapter 8
of Code, 1931, as amended, has only such jurisdiction and powers as are conferred upon it
by statute. It has no inherent jurisdiction or powers.” Syllabus Point 3, State ex rel. City of
Huntington v. Lombardo , 149 W.Va. 671, 143 S.E.2d 535 (1965).
5. “A final order of a police civil service commission based upon a finding
of fact will not be reversed by a circuit court upon appeal unless it is clearly wrong or is
based upon a mistake of law.” Syllabus Point 1, Appeal of Prezkop, 154 W.Va. 759, 179
S.E.2d 331 (1971).
6. “ The City of South Charleston not being required by its charter or
otherwise to have any particular number of lieutenants in its police department, the power
to determine whether an alleged vacancy as to any office of such a lieutenant exists, or
whether any such vacancy must be filled, rests in the discretion of the council of that city.
Courts can not assume that such a vacancy exists, or that any such vacancy must be filled,
merely on a showing that some person has ceased to exercise the functions of such an office.”
Syllabus Point 3, State ex rel. Musick v. Londeree, 145 W.Va. 369, 115 S.E.2d 96 (1960).
As chief executive officer of the City of Beckley, Mayor Emmitt S. Pugh, III, filed a petition seeking to prohibit the Policemen's Civil Service Commission for the City of Beckley from investigating whether a vacancy existed in the City of Beckley's Police Department.
The Raleigh County Circuit Court granted Mayor Pugh's petition barring the
Policemen's Civil Service Commission from investigating whether a vacancy existed in the
City's Police Department . Sergeant Wesley C. Bowden and the Policemen's Civil Service
Commission appealed the circuit court 's order granting a writ of prohibition. We reverse the
circuit court's order, in part, and affirm it, in part.
On May 2, 2002, Mayor Pugh, on behalf of the City of Beckley, filed a petition
in circuit court seeking a writ of prohibition against the Commission and its commissioners.
In his petition, the mayor alleged that no vacancy existed, that the Commission lacked
jurisdiction over Sergeant Bowden's petition, and that the Commission had no authority to
investigate whether a vacancy existed.
On May 17, 2002, the circuit court granted the writ of prohibition. In its order,
the circuit court (1) prohibited the Commission from conducting “any proceedings to
determine or declare whether a vacancy exists within the Police Department of the City of
Beckley;” (2) voided “any purported subpoena or other investigatory mechanisms issued by
the Respondent Commission for the purpose of conducting an investigation;” and (3) ordered
that the “Respondent Commission shall conduct no further proceedings upon the 'Petition
for Promotion to Lieutenant[.]'” In a memorandum in support of its ruling, the circuit court
also found that Mayor Pugh “in his capacity as mayor and chief executive officer of the city,
determines whether a vacancy exists.”
The Commission and Sergeant Bowden appealed the circuit court
's ruling. We
reverse, in part, and affirm, in part.
We have historically recognized that a writ of prohibition lies against an
administrative tribunal where, in the performance of its quasi-judicial functions, it is
attempting to exercise a power it does not possess. We also have recognized that lower
tribunals have the authority to decide issues of fact that may or may not give rise to their
jurisdiction.
For a writ of prohibition to issue preventing a quasi-judicial
administrative tribunal from taking up a particular matter on the
asserted basis of lack of jurisdiction, the petitioner must
demonstrate that there is a clear limitation on the tribunal's
jurisdiction, and that there are no disputed issues of fact such
that the jurisdictional question may be decided purely as a
matter of law. In other words, the prohibition remedy is
available only where an administrative tribunal patently and
unquestionably lacks jurisdiction over the matter pending before
it.
Syllabus, Health Management, Inc. v. Lindell, 207 W.Va. 68, 528 S.E.2d 762 (1999).
W.Va. Code 8-14-6 through -24 [1969] contains the police officers' civil
service statute. “An underlying purpose of the police civil service statute . . . is to give
security to members of paid police departments of municipalities having a population of five
thousand or more against the vicissitudes of municipal elections,” Syllabus Point 4, in part, Dougherty v. City of Parkersburg, 138 W.Va. 1, 76 S.E.2d 594 (1952), and “ to provide for a complete and all-inclusive system for
the appointment, promotion, reduction, removal and reinstatement of all officers[.]” Syllabus
Point 5, in part, Dougherty.
In W.Va. Code , 8-14-10(3) [1969], the Legislature vested police commissions with broad powers to investigate “ concerning all matters touching the enforcement and effect of the civil service provisions of this article . . . and, in the course of such investigations, each commissioner shall have the power to administer oaths and affirmations, and to take testimony.” W.Va. Code , 8-14-10(4) endows police commissions with “the power to subpoena and [to] require the attendance of witnesses, and the production thereby of books and papers pertinent to the investigations and inquiries herein authorized, and examine them and such public records as it shall require[.]”
Although the Legislature has
vested police civil service commissions with broad investigatory powers, as a
statutorily-created entity, there are limits to a police commission's authority. “A
police civil service commission created by Article 5A of Chapter 8 of Code, 1931,
as amended, has only such jurisdiction and powers as are conferred upon it by
statute. It has no inherent jurisdiction or powers.” Syllabus Point 3, State
ex rel. City of Huntington v. Lombardo ,
149 W.Va. 671, 143 S.E.2d 535 (1965).
Nevertheless,
police commissions serve as a counterbalance to the mayor's broad authority. The
purpose of the police officers' civil service statute “would be frustrated
if the appointing officer has unbridled discretion to make arbitrary employment
decisions.” Major v. DeFrench, 169 W.Va. 241 , 257, 286 S.E.2d 688, 698 (1982). The police officers' civil service statute grants the
authority to call witnesses, issue subpoenas, examine records, and otherwise
reasonably inquire into petitions touching on all matters concerning the
police officers' civil service statute. To
hold that the Commission has no authority to do more than ask the mayor's
office whether a vacancy exists would run counter to the broad mandate granted
to police civil service commissions by the Legislature . (See
footnote 1) Developing
a factual record to determine whether a vacancy should be declared is clearly
within the Commission's jurisdiction.
Therefore,
we find that the circuit court erred in finding that the Policemen's
Civil Service Commission did not have the jurisdiction to investigate whether a vacancy should be declared.
Having determined that the Commission has the authority to investigate whether a vacancy should be declared, we now turn to the issue of declaring and filling vacancies.
W.Va.
Code, 8-14-15 [1969]
states, in part, that: “ [t]he
appointing officer shall notify the policemen's civil service commission of any
vacancy in a position which he desires to fill, and shall request the certification
of eligibles.” Under most municipalities' charters,
the mayor, as the chief executive officer, is the appointing officer. As the appointing officer,
the mayor declares vacancies and may abolish positions; however, a mayor could not refuse
to declare a vacancy or abolish a position in contravention of public policy. For example, a
mayor could not refuse to declare a vacancy simply because the next person in line for a
promotion was female, a minority, or not a member of the mayor's political party. The
decision to abolish an office “ must be made in good faith, not motivated by any political or
other improper objective.” State ex rel. Musick v. Londeree , 145 W.Va. 369, 377, 115 S.E.2d
96, 100 (1960).
This Court has previously addressed a mayor's authority to declare vacancies
in State ex rel. Musick v. Londeree , 145 W.Va. 369,115 S.E.2d 96 (1960) . In Musick, a
South Charleston police sergeant filed a writ of mandamus in circuit court arguing that the
promotion of a lieutenant to a captain's position created a vacancy for a lieutenant's position
in the City's police department. Much like the City of Beckley, when asked, the City of
South Charleston stated that it did not have a vacancy to be filled. This Court in Musick held
that unless a municipality's charter or ordinance requires a fixed number of lieutenants, the
discretion to determine whether a vacancy exists rests with the municipality. “The
City of South Charleston not being required by its charter or otherwise to have
any particular number of lieutenants in its police department, the power to determine
whether an alleged vacancy as to any office of such a lieutenant exists, or whether
any such vacancy must be filled, rests in the discretion of the council of that
city. Courts can not assume that such a vacancy exists,
or that any such vacancy must be filled, merely on a showing that some person has ceased
to exercise the functions of such an office.” Syllabus Point 3, Musick v. Londeree, 145
W.Va. 369, 115 S.E.2d 96 (1960).
In the instant case in the Commission's response to the mayor's petition for a
writ of prohibition, the Commission admitted that no charter or ordinance requires the City
of Beckley to employ any set number of lieutenants within the City's police department.
Absent a charter or an ordinance requiring a fixed number of lieutenants, the power to
determine whether a vacancy exists and whether a vacancy needs to be filled rests within the
sound discretion of the City of Beckley and the mayor as the City's appointing officer.
Applying Syllabus Point 3 of State ex rel. Musick v. Londeree to the matter at
hand, we affirm the circuit court 's finding that the authority to declare a vacancy ultimately
rests with the Mayor of Beckley as the City of Beckley's appointing officer.
(See footnote 2)