Link to original WordPerfect Document here
IN THE SUPREME COURT OF APPEALS OF WEST VIRGINIA
September 1998 Term
_________________
No. 25007
________________
BERKELEY COUNTY PUBLIC SERVICE SEWER DISTRICT,
Appellant,
v.
THE WEST VIRGINIA PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION,
THE CITY OF MARTINSBURG and
OPEQUON PUBLIC SERVICE DISTRICT,
Appellees.
AND
__________________
No. 25008
__________________
OPEQUON PUBLIC SERVICE DISTRICT,
Appellant,
v.
THE WEST VIRGINIA PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION,
THE CITY OF MARTINSBURG AND
BERKELEY COUNTY PUBLIC SERVICE SEWER DISTRICT,
Appellees.
______________________________________________________
Appeal from the Public Service Commission of West Virginia
Case Nos. 96-0381-PSD-S-C, 96-0607-PWD-W-C
AFFIRMED
______________________________________________________
Submitted: October 27, 1998
Filed: December 11, 1998
William F. Rohrbaugh,
Esq.
McNeer, Highland, McMunn and Varner, L.C.
Martinsburg, West Virginia
Attorney for Berkeley County
Public Service Sewer District
Richard G. Gay, Esq.
Margaret B. Gordon, Esq.
Law Office of Richard G. Gay, L.C.
Berkeley Springs, West Virginia
Attorneys for Opequon Public Service District
John Philip Melick, Esq.
Jackson & Kelly
Charleston, West Virginia
Attorney for the City of Martinsburg
Cassius H. Toon, Esq.
Charleston, West Virginia
Attorney for the Public Service Commission
of West Virginia
JUSTICE McCUSKEY delivered the Opinion of the Court and was joined by
CHIEF JUSTICE DAVIS and JUSTICES WORKMAN, STARCHER AND MAYNARD.
JUSTICE MCGRAW did not participate in the decision of this case.
SYLLABUS BY THE COURT
1. "In
reviewing a Public Service Commission order, we will first determine whether the
Commission's order, viewed in light of the relevant facts and of the Commission's broad
regulatory duties, abused or exceeded its authority. We will examine the manner in which
the Commission has employed the methods of regulation which it has itself selected, and
must decide whether each of the order's essential elements is supported by substantial
evidence. Finally, we will determine whether the order may reasonably be expected to
maintain financial integrity, attract necessary capital, and fairly compensate investors
for the risks they have assumed, and yet provide appropriate protection to the relevant
public interests, both existing and foreseeable. The court's responsibility is not to
supplant the Commission's balance of these interests with one more nearly to its liking,
but instead to assure itself that the Commission has given reasoned consideration to each
of the pertinent factors." Syl. pt. 2, Monongahela Power Co. v. Public Service
Comm'n., 166 W.Va. 423, 276 S.E.2d 179 (1981).
2. "In
deciding whether an administrative agency's position should be sustained, a reviewing
court applies the standards set out by the United States Supreme Court in Chevron
U.S.A., Inc. v. Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc., 467 U.S. 837, 104 S.Ct. 2778,
81 L.Ed.2d 694 (1984). The court first must ask whether the Legislature has directly
spoken to the precise question at issue. If the intention of the Legislature is clear,
that is the end of the matter, and the agency's position only can be upheld if it conforms
to the Legislature's intent. No deference is due the agency's interpretation at this
stage." Syl. pt. 3, in part, Appalachian Power Co. v. State Tax Dept., 195
W.Va. 573, 466 S.E.2d 424 (1995).
3. If a tract of
real estate located within a public service district has been annexed into a municipality,
then, as between the municipality and the public service district, the municipality has
the superior right, under W. Va. Code § 16-13A-8 (1981), to extend public
services, such as water and/or sewer service, which were not being previously furnished to
the tract by the public service district. Under those circumstances, a public service
district would need the consent of the municipality and the Public Service Commission in
order to provide such services.
McCuskey, Justice:
The parties to this
proceeding are engaged in a tug-of-war over the right to provide water and sewer utility
service to a newly developed tract of land located in Berkeley County, West Virginia. On
one end of the struggle are the appellants, Berkeley County Public Service Sewer District
("Sewer District") and Opequon Public Service District ("Water
District"). On the opposite end is the appellee, the City of Martinsburg
("City"). The parties' respective arguments were aired before the Public Service
Commission of West Virginia ("PSC"). In its final order, the PSC awarded the
right to serve the contested tract to the City. On appeal from that ruling, we are asked
to decide which entity, between a city and a public service district, has the superior
right to extend its facilities to provide utility service to a previously unserved tract
of real estate, located within the district, when that tract has been annexed into the
city. The appellants request that we reverse the PSC's order. We conclude that W. Va.
Code § 16-13A-8 (1981) controls the outcome of this dispute and that the PSC's award
of service rights to the City was consistent with that statute. We find, however, that
although the result reached by the PSC was correct, the PSC erroneously discarded W.
Va. Code § 16-13A-8 in making its analysis, and, for that reason, we affirm the final
holding of the PSC under the rationale hereinafter set forth.
I.
Factual Background
These consolidated cases concern a tract
of about 13 acres, located in Berkeley County, West Virginia and owned by Picerne
Development ("Picerne").See footnote 1 1 On that tract stands a 204 unit apartment complex, known as Martin's
Landing, which was recently built by Picerne. The tract lies inside the City's municipal
limits. The tract also lies inside the geographic boundaries of both the Water District
and the Sewer District. These overlapping borders, of the City and the Districts, have led
to the instant conflict over service rights.
The boundaries of each public service
district were defined by the County Commission of Berkeley County ("County
Commission") in its orders creating and, in the case of the Water District,
enlarging, the districts. The order creating the Sewer District, entered April 10, 1979,
delineates "the territory to be embraced by this public service district" as
"all of Berkeley County, West Virginia." The order creating the Water District,
entered January 20, 1961, described it as "embracing . . . the territorial limits of
Opequon Magisterial District of Berkeley County, West Virginia." The Water District's
borders were subsequently expanded by the County Commission, by order entered December 3,
1965, to encompass part of Hedgesville Magisterial District, including the tract occupied
by Martin's Landing. Pursuant to that order, the Water District's territory was enlarged
"to more nearly coincide with its service area authorized heretofore by the Public
Service Commission." The Water District's "service area," at that time, was
established in a PSC order, issued December 27, 1961, granting the Water District a
certificate of public convenience and necessitySee
footnote 2 2 to provide public water service throughout Opequon
Magisterial District and in a portion of Hedgesville Magisterial District, including the
13 acre tract now at issue.
On May 3, 1990, long after the creation of
both public service districts, and the enlargement and certification of the Water
District, the 13 acre tract was annexed into the City. This was accomplished by a minor
adjustment of the City's boundaries, in accordance with W. Va. Code § 8-6-5
(1989).See footnote 3 3 As a result
of the annexation, the tract in question was "included within the corporate limits of
the City of Martinsburg, West Virginia."See
footnote 4 4
The proceedings below were initiated by
the Sewer District and Water District through the filing of separate complaints with the
PSC against the City, on April 4, 1996, and May 30, 1997, respectively. Each district
alleged that Martin's Landing was located within its "franchise area," and
sought an order barring the City from providing the utility service available from the
district to Martin's Landing and directing the district to provide such service to
Martin's Landing if Picerne applied for it.
The separate proceedings were consolidated
by the PSC, by an order entered July 15, 1996, and referred, pursuant to that order, for
decision by a PSC Administrative Law Judge. On September 26, 1996, a public hearing in the
consolidated proceedings was conducted by the PSC's Chief Administrative Law Judge. During
the hearing, the parties presented exhibits and the testimony of various witnesses. The
parties and PSC Staff Counsel subsequently filed legal briefs, and on December 20, 1996,
the Administrative Law Judge issued a Recommended Decision dismissing both complaints. The
ALJ reasoned that because the City operates a combined waterworks and sewage system, as
defined in W. Va. Code § 8-20-1 (1969),See
footnote 5 5 and because Picerne's property is within a twenty-mile
radius of the City, the City has an absolute right, under that statute, to serve Martin's
Landing.
In response to the Recommended Decision,
exceptions were filed by the districts and by the PSC's Staff Attorney. After considering
the exceptions, and the City's response to the exceptions, the PSC issued a unanimous
order finding in favor of the City and dismissing the complaints. In that order, dated
July 25, 1997, the PSC rejected the ALJ's analysis of W. Va. Code § 8-20-1 and
held that "once the annexation occurred, the provisions of West Virginia Code §
16-13A-8 prohibit the Districts from providing service in the disputed area without the
City's consent."
Petitions for reconsideration and
rehearing of the PSC's decision were filed by the districts and PSC Staff, and the City
filed a response to the petitions. On October 22, 1997, the PSC issued a Commission Order
on Reconsideration, reaching the same result as its original order, that is, the dismissal
of both complaints. In the Order on Reconsideration, which was a 2-1 decision, the
majority retracted some of the legal conclusions contained in its first order and offered
a new rationale for permitting the City to serve Picerne's property. The PSC majority
reasoned, in part:
As this dispute involves the application
of at least two conflicting statutes [W. Va. Code § 16-13A-8 and W. Va. Code §
16-13A-2] from which legislative intent applicable to these facts cannot be discerned, . .
. it is within this Commission's authority to resolve this case.
Having found
irreconcilable conflict between what it perceived to be applicable statutes, the PSC
proceeded to hold that, as between the districts and the City, the City has the right to
provide water and sewer service to Martin's Landing. This decision, explained the
majority, was based upon three factors: (1) "the disputed area has been annexed into
the City," (2) "neither District has facilities in place within the disputed
area," and (3) "the customer desires to be served by the City." The
majority's order was pointedly criticized, in a dissenting opinion authored by
Commissioner Frum, as an unwarranted departure from the "fundamental reasoning"
set forth in the first PSC order. It is the PSC majority's order of October 22, 1997, that
is the target of this appeal.
II.
Standard of Review
The standard of review applicable to a
final decision of the PSC was articulated by this Court in Syllabus Point 2 of Monongahela
Power Co. v. Public Service Comm'n., 166 W.Va. 423, 276 S.E.2d 179 (1981), as follows:
In reviewing a Public Service Commission
order, we will first determine whether the Commission's order, viewed in light of the
relevant facts and of the Commission's broad regulatory duties, abused or exceeded its
authority. We will examine the manner in which the Commission has employed the methods of
regulation which it has itself selected, and must decide whether each of the order's
essential elements is supported by substantial evidence. Finally, we will determine
whether the order may reasonably be expected to maintain financial integrity, attract
necessary capital, and fairly compensate investors for the risks they have assumed, and
yet provide appropriate protection to the relevant public interests, both existing and
foreseeable. The court's responsibility is not to supplant the Commission's balance of
these interests with one more nearly to its liking, but instead to assure itself that the
Commission has given reasoned consideration to each of the pertinent factors.
Additionally, in Syllabus Point 3 of Appalachian Power Co. v. State Tax Dept., 195
W.Va. 573, 466 S.E.2d 424 (1995), this Court set forth the standard applicable to agency
decisions based on statutory interpretation, stating:
In deciding whether an administrative
agency's position should be sustained, a reviewing court applies the standards set out by
the United States Supreme Court in Chevron U.S.A., Inc. v. Natural Resources Defense
Council, Inc., 467 U.S. 837, 104 S.Ct. 2778, 81 L.Ed.2d 694 (1984). The court first
must ask whether the Legislature has directly spoken to the precise question at issue. If
the intention of the Legislature is clear, that is the end of the matter, and the agency's
position only can be upheld if it conforms to the Legislature's intent. No deference is
due the agency's interpretation at this stage.
We utilize these standards in reviewing the issue now before us.
III.
Discussion
As stated earlier, the issue before
this Court concerns priority of service rights. That is, which entity, as between a
municipality and a public service district, has the superior right to extend its existing
facilities to provide water or sewer service to a previously unserved tract, located
within the public service district, after that tract has been annexed into the
municipality?
A.
W. Va. Code § 16-13A-2
In these proceedings, the Water District
and the Sewer District stake their claims of service rights on the fact that the tract in
dispute has been within their respective boundaries, as designated by the County
Commission, since before the land was annexed by the City of Martinsburg. They suggest
that the service rights of a public service district are coextensive with its territorial
boundaries, resulting in an exclusive "service territory." The districts contend
that the only way in which a public service district's boundaries may be altered, and its
corresponding service area reduced, is by an order of the County Commission entered
pursuant to W. Va. Code § 16-13A-2 (1986) (amended 1995).See footnote 6 6
The fatal flaw in the districts' argument
is that W. Va. Code § 16-13A-2 has nothing to do with service rights and,
therefore, is completely inapposite to the issue presented. This Court has consistently
recognized that "'"'[w]hen a statute is clear and unambiguous and the
legislative intent is plain the statute should not be interpreted by the courts, and in
such a case it is the duty of the courts not to construe but to apply the statute. Point
1, syllabus, State ex rel. Fox v. Board of Trustees of the Policemen's Pension or
Relief Fund of the City of Bluefield, et al., 148 W.Va. 369.' Syllabus Point 1, State
ex rel. Board of Trustees v. City of Bluefield, 153 W.Va. 210, 168 S.E.2d 525
(1969)." Syl. pt. 3, Central West Virginia Refuse, Inc. v. Public Service Comm'n
of West Virginia, 190 W.Va. 416, 438 S.E.2d 596 (1993).' Syl. Pt. 2, Keen v. Maxey,
193 W.Va. 423, 456 S.E.2d 550 (1995)." Syl. pt. 4, McGraw v. St. Joseph's Hosp.,
200 W. Va. 114, 488 S.E.2d 389 (1997). The 1986 version of W. Va. Code § 16-13A-2See footnote 7 7 describes in detail
how a public service district is to be created and its boundaries established, and
modified if necessary, but the statute does not address how those boundaries affect the
district's service rights. Further, this statute grants no monopoly nor absolute right to
a public service district with respect to the provision of utility services within
its territory.
It is also significant that, while W.
Va. Code § 16-13A-2 (1986) permits a county commission to propose, and ultimately
create, a public service district, the statute stipulates that "no new public service
district shall be created under this section without the written consent and approval of
the public service commission." This prior approval by the PSC is likewise required,
under the statute, where the county commission desires to reduce the area of the district.
See W. Va. Code § 16-13A-2 (1986). Thus, a county commission's power to reduce a
district's territory is not absolute, as the Water District and Sewer District contend,
but is actually contingent upon the prior approval of the PSC.
The districts seek a construction of W.
Va. Code § 16-13A-2 (1986) that empowers county commissions to define exclusive
service territories of public service districts. As elucidated by the City, however, such
an interpretation would permit county commissions to "supplant the PSC as the arbiter
of public convenience and necessity" with respect to public utility services. This
result was clearly not intended by the Legislature, which enacted Chapter 24 of the West
Virginia Code for an express legislative purpose: "to confer upon the
public service commission of this state the authority and duty to enforce and regulate the
practices, services and rates of public utilities." W. Va. Code § 24-1-1(a)
(1986). Indeed, this Court has long recognized "[t]he paramount design of pertinent
statutes to place regulation and control of public utilities exclusively with the Public
Service Commission." Chesapeake & Potomac Telephone Co. v. City of Morgantown,
144 W. Va. 149, 160, 107 S.E.2d 489, 496 (1959); see also Delardas v. Morgantown
Water Comm'n, 148 W. Va. 776, 784-85, 137 S.E.2d 426, 433 (1964) ("In vesting the
public service commission with the jurisdiction and the power to regulate and control the
public utilities in this State, the Legislature has authorized it to exercise the
predominant power of the State with respect to such utilities . . . .") Besides being
contrary to explicit legislative intent, allowing county commissions to displace the PSC
in determining service rights would be disastrous for consumers, whose access to utilities
within a public service district would hinge upon the district's construction of
facilities, and extension of lines to their homes and businesses, even if service were
readily available from municipal or privately owned utilities. As the PSC has asserted in
these proceedings, "[t]he exigencies that arise in public utility operation require
the flexibility of a regulatory agency, such as the Public Service Commission, to review
the particular factual circumstance and permit the extension of utility services by the
utility that is most appropriate under the circumstances."
B.
W. Va. Code § 16-13A-8
Two different portions of W. Va. Code
§ 16-13A-8 (1981) are relevant to these proceedings. The first portion states that a
public service district may acquire, construct, maintain and operate any public service
properties within the corporate limits of any city,
Provided, that if any incorporated city .
. . included within the district owns and operates either water facilities, sewer
facilities . . . or all of these, then the district may not acquire, construct, establish,
improve or extend any public service properties of the same kind within such city .
. . , except upon the approval of the public service commission, the consent of such
cities . . . .
W. Va. Code § 16-13A-8 (1981) (emphasis added). The City maintains
that this language provides plainly that a public service district may not, without
municipal and PSC consent, extend utility facilities inside a city that is in the business
of providing the utility service in question. The succeeding paragraph of W. Va. Code
§ 16-13A-8 provides:
Whenever such district has constructed,
acquired or established water facilities, sewer facilities . . . within any city . . .
included within a district, then such city . . . may not thereafter construct, acquire or
establish any facilities of the same kind within such city . . . without the consent of
such district.
Counsel for the PSC interprets the language of these two provisions as
creating "a no man's land in which the Districts could not serve the area under one
paragraph and the City could not serve the area under another paragraph." Because of
this purported "gap in the statutory scheme," the PSC's counsel suggests that it
is within the broad authority of the PSC to fill the gap and that the agency's
interpretation must be given great weight. The Water District and Sewer District bring yet
a third approach to the table. The districts contend that the apparent conflict between
the pertinent provisions of W. Va. Code § 16-13A-8 should have been resolved by
the PSC by reading W. Va. Code § 16-13A-8 in pari materia with W.
Va. Code § 16-13A-2, as interpreted by the PSC in Ohio County Public
Service District, Case No. 87-651-S-CN (June 17, 1988). We dispense first with the
districts' argument.
In Manchin v. Dunfee, 174 W.Va.
532, 327 S.E.2d 710 (1984) this Court gave an informative dissertation on the rule of in
pari materia, stating as follows:
The rule of in pari materia means
that "[s]tatutes which relate to the same subject matter should be read and applied
together so that the Legislature's intention can be gathered from the whole of the
enactments." Syllabus Point 3, Smith v. State Workmen's Compensation Commissioner,
159 W.Va. 108, 219 S.E.2d 361 (1975); See also Syllabus Point 3, ACF Industries
v. Credithrift of America, 173 W.Va. 83, 312 S.E.2d 746 (1983); Syllabus Point 1, Newton
v. Dailey, 167 W.Va. 347, 280 S.E.2d 91 (1981). It must be remembered that the rule of
in pari materia is a rule of statutory construction and is only utilized where
there is some ambiguity in a particular statute, as we have held in Syllabus Point 1 of State
v. Epperly, 135 W.Va. 877, 65 S.E.2d 488 (1951):
The
rule that statutes which relate to the same subject should be read and construed together
is a rule of statutory construction and does not apply to a statutory provision which is
clear and unambiguous.
See Syllabus
Point 2, State v. Jackson, 145 W.Va. 51, 112 S.E.2d 452 (1960); Douglass v.
Koontz, 137 W.Va. 345, 361, 71 S.E.2d 319, 329 (1952); See also 2A Sutherland
Statutory Construction Sec. 51.01 (4th ed. 1973).
Furthermore, to say that
because several statutes relate to the same subject, they must always be read in pari
materia is an oversimplification of the rule. First, it is apparent that what is meant
by statutes relating to the same subject matter is an inquiry that is answered by how
broadly one defines the phrase "same subject matter." Second, the application of
the rule of in pari materia may vary depending on how integral the statutes are to
each other. The rule is most applicable to those statutes relating to the same subject
matter which are passed at the same time or refer to each other or amend each other. A
diminished applicability may be found where statutes are self-contained and have been
enacted at different periods of time. See generally 2A Sutherland Statutory
Construction Sec. 51.01 (4th ed. 1973). Finally, "a related statute cannot be
utilized to create doubt in an otherwise clear statute." See Douglass v. Koontz,
137 W.Va. 345, 361-62, 71 S.E.2d 319, 328-29 (1952); See also Heringer v. Rolf, 287
S.W.2d 149 (Ky.1956); Kozak v. Retirement Board of the Firemen's Annuity and
Benefit Fund, 95 Ill.2d 211, 69 Ill. Dec. 177, 447 N.E.2d 394 (1983); International
Brotherhood of Electrical Workers v. Gillen, 174 N.J.Super. 326, 416 A.2d 446 (1980);
Sinclair v. Dept. of Health and Social Services, 77 Wis.2d 322, 253 N.W.2d 245 (1977).
Id. at 535-36, 327 S.E.2d at 713-14.
As explained more fully
below, we find that W. Va. Code § 16-13A-8 is clear and unambiguous.
Consequently, we conclude that the PSC correctly refrained from applying the rule of in
pari materia in interpreting W. Va. Code § 16-13A-8.
The issue under consideration requires
this Court to interpret W. Va. Code § 16-13A-8 under the facts of these
consolidated proceedings. "Interpreting a statute . . . presents a purely legal
question . . . ." Syl. pt. 1, Appalachian Power Co. v. State Tax Dept. of West
Virginia, 195 W.Va. 573, 466 S.E.2d 424 (1995). We explained recently in Syllabus
Point 11 of Cox v. Amick, 195 W.Va. 608, 466 S.E.2d 459 (1995), that
"'"'[t]he primary object in construing a statute is to ascertain and give effect
to the intent of the Legislature.' Syllabus Point 1, Smith v. State Workmen's
Compensation Commissioner, 159 W.Va. 108, 219 S.E.2d 361 (1975)." Syl. pt. 2, Farley
v. Buckalew, 186 W.Va. 693, 414 S.E.2d 454 (1992).' Syl. pt. 2, State ex rel. Water
Development Authority v. Northern Wayne County Public Service District, 195 W.Va. 135,
464 S.E.2d 777 (1995)." "'[A] common maxim of statutory construction is
that statutes are to be construed so as to give meaning to every word in them.'" Keatley
v. Mercer County Bd. Of Educ., 200 W. Va. 487, 493, 490 S.E.2d 306, 312 (1997) (quoting
Bullman v. D & R Lumber Co., 195 W. Va. 129, 133, 464 S.E.2d 771, 775 (1995)).
Similarly, this Court has previously recognized the "traditional rule of statutory
construction that 'the Legislature is presumed to intend that every word used in a statute
has a specific purpose and meaning.'" Keatley, 200 W. Va. at 495, 490 S.E.2d
at 314.
Giving meaning to every word in W. Va.
Code § 16-13A-8, we observe that the first and second portions of the statute are
almost parallel provisions, applicable where the boundaries of a city and public service
district are overlapping so that the city is "included within" the district, as
in the instant proceedings. The first portion outlines actions which a public service
district is barred from taking without the city's consent (and PSC approval) when the city
already owns and operates water or sewer facilities, while the second portion of the
statute sets forth the actions which a city cannot take without the district's consent
when the district has constructed, acquired or established water or sewer facilities
within the city. There is, however, one striking and crucial difference. The verb
"extend" is included among the prohibited actions in the first portion of the
statute, but not in the second portion. Thus, a public service district is barred from extending
water and sewer facilities where a city within its borders owns and operates such
facilities, but there is no parallel ban on extension imposed upon a city.
In enacting W. Va. Code §
16-13A-8, "the Legislature has directly spoken to the precise question at
issue." Syl. pt. 3, Appalachian Power, supra. By all accounts, these
proceedings concern the extension of existing facilities to serve Martin's Landing.
Because the City here does not consent to the districts' extension of water and sewer
facilities, the districts are precluded from extending such facilities under the
provisions of W. Va. Code § 16-13A-8. The City, however, is not barred under the
statute from extending its facilities to Martin's Landing, despite the districts'
protests. Accordingly, under the facts of these proceedings, we hold that if a tract of
real estate located within a public service district has been annexed into a municipality,
then, as between the municipality and the public service district, the municipality has
the superior right, under W. Va. Code § 16-13A-8 (1981), to extend water and/or
sewer service which were not being previously furnished to the tract by the public service
district. Under those circumstances, a public service district would need the consent of
the municipality and the Public Service Commission in order to provide such services. The
PSC's ultimate decision that "the City should provide water and sewer service to
Picerne" comports with this holding.
Although the PSC's final award was
consistent with the controlling language of W. Va. Code § 16-13A-8, the PSC failed
to grasp the clear application of the statute to this matter, and instead concluded
incorrectly that "this dispute involves the application of at least two conflicting
statutes." We, thus, affirm the final holding of the PSC for the reasons aforesaid.
The districts advance two additional
arguments, neither of which is meritorious. First, the districts argue that public policy
factors dictate that they, and not the City, be permitted to serve Martin's Landing. After
careful review of the record, we conclude that the PSC's award of service to the City
"may reasonably be expected to . . . provide appropriate protection to the relevant
public interests, both existing and foreseeable." Syl. pt. 2, Monongahela Power,
supra. In reaching this conclusion, we are mindful that this Court's responsibility is
"not to supplant the Commission's balance of these interests with one more nearly to
its liking, but instead to assure itself that the Commission has given reasoned
consideration to each of the pertinent factors." Id. Second, the districts
contend that the PSC's ruling ignored the rights and obligations arising under certain
contracts, which the districts have entered into with the City and with their bondholders.
This argument is not compelling since W. Va. Code § 16-13A-8 was enacted in 1953,
prior to the dates of these contracts. It is axiomatic that "'[t]he clauses of the
Constitution of the United States and the Constitution of West Virginia which forbid the
passage of a law impairing the obligation of a contract are not applicable to a statute
enacted prior to the making of a contract.'" Syllabus Point 2, Shell v.
Metropolitan Life Ins. Co., 181 W.Va. 16, 380 S.E.2d 183 (1989). Furthermore, in City
of Charleston v. Public Service Commission of West Virginia, 57 F.3d 385 (4th Cir.
1995), the Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals noted that under West Virginia law "'[a]ll
contracts made by a utility relating to the public service must be deemed to be entered
into in contemplation of the exercise by the state of its regulatory power whenever the
public interest may make it necessary. . . .' Preston County Light & Power Co. v.
Renick, 145 W.Va. 115, 113 S.E.2d 378, 387 (1960); See also United Fuel Gas Co. v.
Battle, 153 W.Va. 222, 167 S.E.2d 890, 904, cert. denied, 396 U.S. 116, 90
S.Ct. 398, 24 L.Ed.2d 309 (1969)." Quoting Justice Holmes, the Fourth Circuit stated:
One whose rights, such as they are, are
subject to state restriction, cannot remove them from the power of the State by making a
contract about them. Hudson County Water Co. v. McCarter, 209 U.S. 349, 357,
28 S.Ct. 529, 531, 52 L.Ed. 828 (1908); See also United States Trust, 431
U.S. at 22, 97 S.Ct. at 1517; Bannum, Inc. v. Town of Ashland, 922 F.2d 197,
202-03 (4th Cir.1990).
Id. at 392.
V.
Conclusion
Therefore, upon all of the
foregoing, this Court concludes that the complaints filed by the districts were
appropriately dismissed by the PSC.
Affirmed.
Footnote: 1
1 Perini Investment Properties, Inc., was the predecessor in title to Picerne, but apparently took no action to develop the property. Thus, for purposes of this decision, Picerne is the relevant utility "customer."Footnote: 2
2 See W. Va. Code § 24-2-11 (1983).Footnote: 3
3 W. Va. Code § 8-6-5 (1989) provides:not less than five public places within the area proposed to be annexed.
If the freeholders
of the area proposed to be annexed who are present or are represented at the hearing are
not substantially opposed to the proposed boundary change, the commission may enter an
order changing the corporate limits of the municipality as requested, which order may be
reviewed by the circuit court as an order of a county commission ordering an election may
be reviewed under section sixteen, article five of this chapter. After the date of such
order, the corporate limits of the municipality shall be as set forth therein, unless
judicial review is sought under the provisions of said section sixteen. If the proposed
change is substantially opposed at the hearing by any such freeholder the commission shall
dismiss the application. Dismissal of any such application shall not preclude proceedings
in accordance with the provisions of sections two and three or section four of this
article. The municipality shall pay the costs of all proceedings under this section.
Footnote: 4
4 See May 3, 1990, Order of the Berkeley County Commission.Footnote: 5
5 W. Va. Code § 8-20-1 (1969) provides: Any municipality may
acquire, construct, establish and equip and thereafter repair, maintain and operate a
combined waterworks and sewerage system either wholly within or partly within and partly
without the corporate limits thereof, under the provisions of this article, and any
municipality owning and operating either a waterworks or a sewerage system, but not both,
may acquire, construct, establish and equip the waterworks or sewerage system which it
does not then own and operate, and in either of such cases such municipality may provide
by ordinance that when such waterworks or sewerage system, or both, shall have been
acquired, constructed, established and equipped, the same shall thereafter be owned,
repaired, maintained and operated as a combined undertaking under the provisions of this
article, and any municipality already owning and operating an existing waterworks system
and an existing sewerage system may by ordinance combine the same into a single
undertaking under the provisions of this article.
Any municipality
which has combined its waterworks and sewerage system under the provisions of this
article, or pursuant to provisions of any other law, may hereafter construct extensions,
additions, betterments and improvements to either the waterworks system or the sewerage
system of said combined waterworks and sewerage system, or both, and may finance the
acquisition, construction, establishment and equipment of any such
waterworks or sewerage system, or both, or the construction of extensions, additions,
betterments and improvements to either the waterworks system or the sewerage system of
such combined waterworks and sewerage system, or both, by the issuance of revenue bonds
under the provisions of this article.
Notwithstanding
the provisions of any other law or charter to the contrary, any such municipality may
serve and supply the area included within twenty miles outside its corporate limits with
the water or sewer services and facilities, or both, of its combined waterworks and
sewerage system: Provided, That such water or sewer services and facilities shall not be
served or supplied within the corporate limits of any other municipality without the
consent of the governing body of such other municipality.
When used in this
article, the term "waterworks system" shall be construed to mean and include a
waterworks system in its entirety or any integral part thereof, including mains, hydrants,
meters, valves, standpipes, storage tanks, pump tanks, pumping stations, intakes, wells,
impounding reservoirs, pumps, machinery, purification plants, softening apparatus, and all
other facilities necessary, appropriate, useful, convenient or incidental in connection
with or to a water supply system; the term "sewerage system" shall be construed
to mean and include any or all of the following: A sewage treatment plant or plants,
collecting, intercepting and outlet sewers, lateral sewers, drains, force mains, conduits,
pumping stations, ejector stations and all other appurtenances, extensions, additions and
improvements necessary, appropriate, useful, convenient or incidental for the collection,
treatment and disposal in a sanitary manner of sewage and industrial wastes; and the term
"combined waterworks and sewerage system" shall be construed to mean and include
a waterworks and sewerage system, which a municipality determines by ordinance to operate
in combination.
Footnote: 6
6 The districts rely on the 1986 version of W. Va. Code § 16-13A-2, which was in effect when Martin's Landing was annexed into the City.Footnote: 7
7 W. Va. Code § 16-13-2 (1986) provides, in part: