Maynard, Justice, concurring:
This is my first separate
opinion that is longer than the majority opinion. As a matter of fact, it
is the brevity of the majority opinion that concerns me. Specifically, I fear
that the majority opinion, with its lack of discussion or clarification, may
be misused to discourage compulsory arbitration clauses. If so, this would
be a most unfortunate result.
The specific facts of the
instant case must be emphasized. As stated in the certified question, the
compulsory arbitration clause at issue mandated that all disputes arising
out of a consumer transaction be submitted to a lender-designated decision
maker. Further, this lender-designated decision maker was compensated through
a case-volume fee system whereby the decision maker's income as an arbitrator
was dependent on continued referrals from the lender. This Court finds that
this one-sided system violates notions of neutrality and fundamental fairness,
and I agree.
However, the majority opinion
should not be read to disallow compulsory arbitration clauses or riders per
se. The law of West Virginia favors arbitration as well as other forms of dispute and conflict resolution by which parties can resolve
problems without resorting to the courts for relief. As long as compulsory
arbitration clauses are knowingly agreed to and provide for a fair and neutral
arbitrator, courts simply should not get involved. I believe that this is
true regardless of whether the loan itself is prime or subprime and as long
as the loan agreement itself is not unethical or illegal.
(See footnote 1)
I also find it regrettable
that the majority opinion bases its decision on a footnote from another recent
decision of this Court. Undoubtedly, language in a footnote is mere dicta,
or less, and it should not form the basis of an opinion of this Court in another
case absent a complete discussion of the applicable law. More significantly,
I believe that the form of the majority opinion violates our State Constitution.
According to Article VIII, Section 4 of the Constitution of West Virginia:
When
a judgment or order of another court is reversed, modified or affirmed by
the court, every point fairly arising upon the record shall be considered and decided; the reasons
therefor shall be concisely stated in writing and preserved with the record;
and it shall be the duty of the court to prepare a syllabus of the points
adjudicated in each case in which an opinion is written and in which a majority
of the justices thereof concurred, which shall be prefixed to the published
report of the case.
The majority opinion does not state the reasons for the decision nor does
it provide a syllabus of the points adjudicated. In short, I hope that this
type of cursory opinion does not become the standard practice of this Court.
Accordingly, I concur to the majority opinion inasmuch as it applies only to the very narrow facts of this case. I caution, however, that parties should not attempt to use it in the future to extricate themselves from fair compulsory arbitration clauses knowingly entered into.
Subprime lenders loan to those borrowers with past credit problems or low
income at a higher cost than conventional mortgage loans. . . .
The
transformation from subprime lending to predatory lending occurs when lenders
employ unethical and/or illegal tactics to secure the loans or offer subprime
loans to those who qualify for prime loans.
Anna Beth Ferguson, Predatory Lending: Practices, Remedies and Lack of Adequate
Protection for Ohio Consumers, 48 Clev. St. L. Rev. 607, 609 (2000).