McGraw, Justice, dissenting:
The majority opinion in
this case is grossly misguided. First, the controlling emphasis placed upon
W. Va. Code § 33-6-31(c) (1995) (2000 Repl. Vol.) is inappropriate
in the current context, as there is nothing in the law of this jurisdiction
that prohibits an insurer from providing uninsured motorist coverage which
extends beyond the minimum requirements of the statute. While State Farm obviously
cannot issue a policy with uninsured motorist coverage that does not meet
these statutory requirements, there is no prohibition against an insurer offering
more expansive coverage to the insured_even that which effectively
approximates underinsured motorist coverage. Indeed, W. Va. Code § 33-6-31(k)
(1995) (2000 Repl. Vol.), which provides in part that [n]othing contained
herein shall prevent any insurer from also offering benefits and limits other
than those prescribed herein, clearly permits an insurer to go beyond
the minimum statutory requirements. See Mitchell v. Broadnax,
208 W. Va. 36, 61, 537 S.E.2d 882, 907 (2000) (McGraw, J., concurring
in part and dissenting in part) (noting that under § 33-6-31(k)
it is easily conceivable that an insurer could offer, in addition to
the required offerings . . ., other forms of coverage, including alternative uninsured or underinsured protection).
(See footnote 1) Thus, as Justice Starcher
has stressed in his concurrence to this case, the majority opinion should
have concentrated exclusively upon the language of State Farm's policy, since
there is no question that the policy meets the minimum requirements of § 33-6-31.
Taking the analysis one step further, therefore, I fail to see how one could construe the language of State Farm's policy so as not to find coverage in the present case, particularly since [i]t is well settled law in West Virginia that ambiguous terms in insurance contracts are to be strictly construed against the insurance company and in favor of the insured. Syl. pt. 4, National Mut. Ins. Co. v. McMahon & Sons, Inc., 177 W. Va. 734, 356 S.E.2d 488 (1987); see also syl. pt. 4, Riffe v. Home Finders Assoc., 205 W. Va. 216, 517 S.E.2d 313 (1999). The policy uses the disjunctive term or to separate the various meanings of an uninsured motor vehicle. (See footnote 2) This Court has previously observed that the word 'or' is 'a conjunction which indicate[s] the various objects with which it is associated are to be treated separately.' Holsten v. Massey, 200 W. Va. 775, 790, 490 S.E.2d 864, 879 (1997) (quoting State v. Carter, 168 W. Va. 90, 92 n.2, 282 S.E.2d 277, 279 n.2 (1981)). Moreover, the use of this term ordinarily connotes an alternative between the two clauses it connects. Albrecht v. State, 173 W. Va. 268, 271, 314 S.E.2d 859, 862 (1984) (citing State v. Elder, 152 W. Va. 571, 577, 165 S.E.2d 108, 112 (1968)).
By employing the conjunctive
term or in defining what constitutes an uninsured motor vehicle,
State Farm has written a policy that provides uninsured motorist coverage where
any one of the three enumerated circumstances is satisfied. Thus, since the
tortfeasor in this case, Mr. Smallwood, had not obtained a certificate of self-insurance
by depositing the required sum of money with the State Treasurer, his vehicle
should be deemed uninsured under the provisions of the State Farm policy.
What the Court has done
in this case is to effectively chang[e] the disjunctive word, 'or,'
. . . to the conjunctive 'and.' Crown Life Ins. Co. v.
Garcia, 424 So.2d 893, 894 n.1 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 1983) (citation omitted).
Courts are forbidden, however, from engaging in any such rewriting process,
even in the guise of 'interpreting' an insurance policy . . . .
Id. (citation omitted). This admonition has even greater force
in the current context, where the policy employs the very same term and grammatical
structure in the following paragraph to indicate the separate, alternative
claims that are compensable under the uninsured motorist coverage in the event
of an incident involving hit and run. State Farm certainly cannot
be assumed to have intended that the term or should have entirely
different meanings within the space of a single section of the policy.
While it may be true that
State Farm did not purposely write a policy with such broad uninsured motorist
coverage, the fact remains that the language of the policy is, at the very least, ambiguous as to what constitutes an uninsured vehicle. The Court
in this case should therefore have construed the policy in favor of the insured,
and accordingly affirmed the circuit court's grant of summary judgement.
I therefore respectfully dissent.
Uninsured Motor Vehicle_means:
1. A
motor vehicle, the ownership, maintenance or use of which is:
(a) not
covered by cash or securities on file
with the West Virginia State Treasurer;
(b) not
insured or bonded for bodily injury and property damage liability at the time
of the accident; or
(c) insured
or bonded for bodily injury and property damage at the time of the accident;
but
(1) these
limits of liability are less than required by the West Virginia Motor Vehicle
Safety Responsibility Law; or
(2) the
insuring company:
(a) legally
denies coverage;
(b) is
insolvent; or
(c) has
been placed in receivership; or
2. A
hit and run motor vehicle whose owner or driver remains unknown
and which strikes:
(a) the
insured;
(b) the
vehicle the insured is occupying; or
(c) other
property of the insured and causes bodily injury to the insured or property
damage.
(Emphasis added.)